SKELETAL SYSTEM

The 3 Types of Muscle:


Skeletal Muscle-attached to and moves bones. You can control their contracts.
Smooth Muscle-squeezes, exerts pressure inside the tube or organ which it surrounds. Found inside the walls of internal organs, and blood vessels.
Cardiac Muscle-helps the heart muscle contract. Generates and conducts electrical impulses which give rhythmic contractions.

Tendons:


Thick bands of connective tissue
Attaches bones to muscles

Ligaments:

Tough bands of connective tissue
Attaches one bone to another

Joints:


Where two or more bones meet
Immovable joints are held together by the inter growth of a bone or by fibrous cartilaye
Can be fixed or facilitate movement of bones in relation to one another

Possible muscles/Organs injured in Robin:


Smooth Muscle (Caused the bleeding?)
Skeletal Muscle (Causing the shaking?)
Kidneys (Cause of the blood in the pee)
Intestines (Cause of the blood from the anus)

Muscular System:


Groups of fibers, or cells, bound together
Muscle tissues is made up of units called myofibrils
Contractions and relaxation of muscles create movements
Makes body stronger

Skeletal System:


Contains about 206 bones
Axial Skeleton-contains the skull and bones that support the body
Appendicular Skeleton-includes the bones of the arms and legs, and structures associated with them
Protects internal organs
Provides framework for the tissues of your body
Produces red blood cells
Stores minerals
Bones may be a sponge like material


Muscular system with other systems:

Works with the skeletal system to provide skeletal movement
Works with the digestive system to control entrances and exits of digestive tract
Works with the endocrine system to produce heat
Works with the nervous system to sense things
Works with the respiratory system to allow the diaphragm to expand
Works with the cardiovascular system to provide circulation

Skeletal system with other systems:

Provides protection for organs (cranium for brain, ribs for lung etc.)
Provides attachments for muscles
Bone marrow makes blood components
Bone releases and absorbs minerals (e.g. calcium).


BONE

A fully developed bone is made up of mineral salts, water and tissue. There are two types of bone - compact and cancellate. A compact bone is smooth and solid, while a cancellate bone is a much lighter structure. The structure of the cancellate bone is similar to a honeycomb. All bones are a combination of cancellate and compact bone.

Inside each bone is a jelly like substance. This is called bone marrow and is at the center of the bone. This marrow produces blood cells for the body. Blood vessels run through the center of the bone so that the bone receives food, oxygen and minerals.


Bone is one of the strongest materials. Bones are much lighter than steel or concrete, but weight for weight, they are much stronger.


What is the Skeletal System?

Your Skeletal system is all of the bones in the body and the tissues such as tendons, ligaments and cartilage that connect them.
Your teeth are also considered part of your skeletal system but they are not counted as bones. Your teeth are made of enamel and dentin. Enamel is the strongest substance in your body.

How does the Skeletal System help us?

Support
The main job of the skeleton is to provide support for our body. Without your skeleton your body would collapse into a heap. Your skeleton is strong but light. Without bones you'd be just a puddle of skin and guts on the floor.

Protection
Your skeleton also helps protect your internal organs and fragile body tissues. The brain, eyes, heart, lungs and spinal cord are all protected by your skeleton. Your cranium (skull) protects your brain and eyes, the ribs protect your heart and lungs and your vertebrae (spine, backbones) protect your spinal cord.

Movement
Bones provide the structure for muscles to attach so that our bodies are able to move. Tendons are tough inelastic bands that hold attach muscle to bone.


Contents



Who has more bones a baby or an adult?

Babies have more than adults! At birth, you have about 300 bones. As you grow older, small bones join together to make big ones. Adults end up with about 206 bones.

Are bones alive?

Absolutely. Old bones are dead, dry and brittle. But in the body, bones are very much alive. They have their own nerves and blood vessels, and they do various jobs, such as storing body minerals like calcium. Bones are made of a mix of hard stuff that gives them strength and tons of living cells which help them grow and repair themselves.

What is a bone made of?

A typical bone has an outer layer of hard or compact bone, which is very strong, dense and tough. Inside this is a layer of spongy bone, which is like honeycomb, lighter and slightly flexible. In the middle of some bones is jelly-like bone marrow, where new cells are constantly being produced for the blood. Calcium is an important mineral that bone cells need to stay strong so keep drinking that low-fat milk!



Contents



How do bones break and heal?

Bones are tough and usually don't break even when we have some pretty bad falls. I'm sure you have broken a big stick at one time. When you first try to break the stick it bends a bit but with enough force the stick finally snaps. It is the same with your bones. Bones will bend a little, but if you fall the wrong way from some playground equipment or maybe your bike or skateboard you can break a bone. Doctors call a broken bone a fracture. There are many different types of fractures.

Luckily, bones are made of living cells. When a bone is broken your bone will produce lots of new cells to rebuild the bone. These cells cover both ends of the broken part of the bone and close up the break.

How do I keep my bones healthy?

Bones need regular exercise to stay as strong as possible. Walking, jogging, running and other physical activities are important in keeping your bones strong and healthy. Riding your bike, basketball, soccer, gymnastics, baseball, dancing, skateboarding and other activities are all good for your bones. Make sure you wear or use the proper equipment like a helmet, kneepads, shin guards, mats, knee pads, etc... to keep those bones safe.

Strengthen your skeleton by drinking milk and eating other dairy products (like low-fat cheese, frozen yogurt, and ice cream). They all contain calcium, which helps bones harden and become strong.